Acta Crystallogr Sect D Biol Crystallogr. Acta Crystallogr Sect A Found Crystallogr. The phase problem in neutron crystallography. Oxford: Oxford University Press on Demand, 2002. Structure determination from powder diffraction data. David WI, Shankland K, Baerlocher C, McCusker L. Verlag Berlin Heidelberg: Springer Science & Business Media, 2006. Powder diffraction: the Rietveld method and the two stage method to determine and refine crystal structures from powder diffraction data. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 2008. Underneath the Bragg peaks: structural analysis of complex materials. Quantum scattering theory and applications. Verlag Berlin Heidelberg: Springer Science & Business Media, 2013. Scattering theory of waves and particles. Real-time powder diffraction studies of energy materials under non-equilibrium conditions. Chemical reactions followed by in situ neutron powder diffraction. Energy research with neutrons (ErwiN) and installation of a fast neutron powder diffraction option at the MLZ, Germany. Heere M, Mühlbauer MJ, Schökel A, Knapp M, Ehrenberg H, Senyshyn A. The early development of neutron diffraction: science in the wings of the manhattan project. Mason TE, Gawne TJ, Nagler SE, Nestor MB, Carpenter JM. Neeraj Sharma would like to thank the Australian Research Council for funding through grants DE160100237/DP170100269 and Damian Goonetilleke would like to thank the Research Training Program for PhD funds. This work provides details on the theory behind diffraction, a snapshot of neutron diffractometers that are suited to such experiments and recent studies exploring the power of neutron powder diffraction in elucidating crystal and magnetic structures under various external conditions. Sample environments to undertake such experiments are accessible at a range of neutron scattering facilities around world. These experiments are often referred to as a variable process or in situ or operando depending on the conditions applied to the materials or devices. These processes can involve temperature, applied magnetic or electric fields, applied pressure, gas dosing or devices such as electrochemical cells. This insight can be achieved on pure materials under ambient conditions, but for greater understanding of the relationship between structure and function, crystallographic information during a process can prove powerful for rational material design strategies. Neutron powder diffraction provides insight into the crystal and magnetic structures of materials.
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